Why Do We Need a Constitution? What Happens When Power Has No Structure
Every government starts with good intentions. The Constitution exists because intentions aren’t enough.
Civics · Class 9–10 · CBSE/ICSE
What Happens When Power Has No Structure
Every government starts with good intentions. The Constitution exists because intentions aren’t enough.
Imagine This
Your school decides to run itself without any rules.
The strongest student takes charge. At first, it’s fine. He seems fair. He gives people homework extensions when they ask nicely. He solves arguments himself.
But six months later, he’s doing things differently. Extensions only go to his friends. Punishments are handed out for questioning him. Nobody remembers agreeing to this. It just happened — slowly, quietly, without announcement.
Nobody chose a tyrant. They just chose someone without limits.
That is exactly why we need a Constitution.
So What Is a Constitution?
A Constitution is the rulebook for running a country.
It decides three things: who holds power, what that power can do, and what it can never do — no matter what.
It isn’t a list of promises from leaders. It’s a structure that holds leaders to their promises even when they’d rather forget them.
Why Good Intentions Aren’t Enough
History is full of rulers who started with good intentions.
They wanted to help people. They were honest — at first. But power without structure changes people. And even when it doesn’t change the person, it changes what they can do to others.
Without a Constitution:
- A leader can make any law they want today, without asking anyone.
- A judge can be fired for giving the ‘wrong’ verdict.
- A citizen can be arrested for saying something the government dislikes.
- Elections can be delayed, changed, or cancelled.
None of this requires a villainous leader. It only requires an unstructured system — and time.
What the Constitution Actually Does
Think of the Constitution as three things working together.
First, it divides power. No single person or group controls everything. In India, power is split between the Legislature (Parliament), the Executive (the government), and the Judiciary (courts). Each watches the others. This is called checks and balances.
Second, it protects rights. The Constitution tells the government what it cannot do to citizens. It cannot take away your right to speak, to practice your religion, to be treated equally under the law. These are Fundamental Rights — not gifts from the government, but limits on it.
Third, it provides a process. How laws are made, how leaders are chosen, how disputes are settled — all of this follows a defined path. The process itself is the protection.
A Real Moment: India in 1975
In 1975, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a national Emergency in India.
Elections were suspended. Newspapers were censored. People were arrested without trial. It lasted 21 months.
Here’s what matters: it happened within the system. And here’s what also matters — it ended because of the system.
The Supreme Court continued to exist. Elections eventually had to return. The Constitution hadn’t been destroyed — it had been stretched. But it held enough to allow a return.
After 1977, India amended its Constitution specifically to prevent Emergency powers from being misused the same way again.
A Constitution doesn’t just protect you from bad leaders. It gives you a way back when they appear.
What Students Often Get Wrong
Many students think: The Constitution is just a list of laws.
But actually, it is the law above all other laws. No Parliament, no court, no government can pass a law that contradicts the Constitution. If they do, that law can be struck down.
Many students think: Fundamental Rights are given to us by the government.
But actually, Fundamental Rights exist to limit the government. They are protections from power, not rewards from it.
Many students think: The Constitution was written once and never changes.
But actually, the Indian Constitution has been amended over 100 times. It is designed to evolve — but the process of changing it is deliberately difficult, so changes can’t happen carelessly.
Why This Still Matters
The Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950, which is why we celebrate Republic Day, not Independence Day, as the day India became a structured democracy.
Independence gave us freedom from another country’s rule. The Constitution gave us freedom from unchecked power within our own country.
These are different things. Both matter.
Every time you hear about the Supreme Court striking down a government order, or citizens filing a petition to protect their rights, that is the Constitution working. Not perfectly. But working.
Remember
- A Constitution is a rulebook for power — it decides what leaders can and cannot do.
- Good intentions don’t prevent abuse. Structure does.
- Power is divided between the Legislature, the Executive, and the Judiciary, so no single group controls everything.
- Fundamental Rights protect citizens from the government — they are limits on power, not gifts from it.
- The Indian Constitution has been amended many times — it is designed to adapt, but carefully.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Why can’t elected leaders do whatever they want if people voted for them?
Because elections give leaders authority to govern, not to do anything they choose. The Constitution defines what ‘governing’ means. Majority votes don’t override fundamental rights.
Q: Can the Constitution be changed or removed?
It can be amended — but not easily, and not by any single person. Changes require a special majority in Parliament. Some parts, like Fundamental Rights and the basic structure of democracy, cannot be removed at all. The Supreme Court decided this in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973).
Q: What happens if the government breaks the Constitution?
Citizens can go to the Supreme Court or High Courts directly. This is called the Right to Constitutional Remedies — itself a Fundamental Right. Dr B.R. Ambedkar called it ‘the heart and soul of the Constitution.’
Q: Why do we have a written Constitution? Can’t we just follow common sense?
Common sense changes. Leaders change. Pressures change. A written Constitution doesn’t rely on anyone’s judgment — it is a reference that stays stable when circumstances don’t. That stability is the point.
Navya Chandravanshi
Writes about structure in living systems — from political institutions to biology, from economic behaviour to scientific logic.
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Structure first.
Definitions second.
Clarity always.
