Top 10 Biology Teacher in Patna for NEET

Name	Location
1. Modern Bio Tutorial	Sri Krishna Puri, Patna
2. Dr. Ravi Biology Classes	Kankarbagh, Patna
3. Om Biology Classes	Bhikhana Pahari, Patna
4. Sunil's Biology	Bhikhana Pahari, Patna
5. Life Science( Bio) Classes	Rajendra Nagar, Patna
6. Dr Barun's Biology Classes	Boring Road, Patna
7. Dr.PRS INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL BIOLOGY	West Boring Canal Road, Patna
8. R K Bio Academy	Kankarbagh, Patna
9. PMT Biology Classes by- B.D.SHARMA	Bankman Colony, Patna
10. Biology World Education Private Limited	Bhikhana Pahari, Patna

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Best Biology Teacher in Patna for NEET [Bihar]

1. Modern Bio Tutorial Contact Details

Address: L2/4, Opp Krishna Apartment, South Sri Krishna Puri, Boring Road, Patna
Mobile Number: +91- 9835641322 / 093088 85281
Email: query@modernbiotutorial.com
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2. Dr Ravi Biology Classes Contact Details

Address: A45, Sachiwalya colony, Kankarbagh, Kumhrar, Patna, Bihar 800020
Mobile Number: +91- 7484063693
Email: kshivam322@gmail.com
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3. Om Biology Classes Contact Details

Address: Rathour classes, Near, Saidpur Road, Bari Path, Bhikhana Pahari, Patna, Bihar 800004
Mobile Number: +91- 9798275946
Email: amitkeshri.biotech@gmail.com
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4. Sunil’s Biology Life Sciences Institute Contact Details

Address: West Of Rim Jim Hotel, Bhikhana Pahari, Patna, Bihar 800004
Mobile Number: +91- 9234943670
Email: sunilkumar923494@gmail.com
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5. Life Sciences( Bio) Classes Contact Details

Address: Road no 11E, behind telephone exchange, Rajendra Nagar, Patna, Bihar 800016
Mobile Number: +91- 7004319258
Email: janmejay.kumar99@gmail.com
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6. Dr Barun’s Biology Classes Contact Details

Address: 303, Top Floor, Laxmi Complex, Boring Road, Patna – 800001, Bihar, India
Mobile Number: +91- 9835351941 / 9934528628
Email: N/A
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7. Dr PRS INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL BIOLOGY Contact Details

Address: Lal Market, West Boring Canal Rd, opposite Punch Mukhi Hanuman Mandir, Patna, Bihar 800001
Mobile Number: +91- 94316 48089
Email:
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8. R K Bio Academy Contact Details

Address: Kanti Factory Rd, near PNB, Mahatma Gandhi Nagar, Kankarbagh, Patna, Bihar 800026
Mobile Number: +91- 9835777642 / 9386772060
Email: rajeewkumar379@gmail.com
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9. PMT Biology Classes by- B.D.SHARMA Contact Details

Address: P-13, opposite Ruban diagnostic, Vidyapuri, Jogipur, Kankarbagh, Bankman Colony, Patna, Bihar 800020
Mobile Number: +91- 9835641325
Email: N/A
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10. Biology World Education Private Limited Contact Details

Address: Pratima Complex, Makhania Kuan, Bhikhana Pahari, Patna – 800004
Mobile Number: +91- 9934805238
Email: mca.hnma@gmail.com
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Acellular organisms such as viruses, viroids, prions, etc. have not been given a place in the five-kingdom classifications suggested by Whitaker.
Viruses – Viruses are acellular organisms, which are fibrous outside the host cell. Once viruses infect the host cell, they use the machinery of the host cell to replicate and kill the host.

Virus means poison or poisonous liquid or poison molecule. DJ. Ibanovsky (1892) identified the microbes of mosaic disease of tobacco, which they named viruses. Their measurement is also smaller than bacteria because they also pass through bacteria proof filters.

M.W. Bjerineck (1898) found that the sap of an infected tobacco plant was capable of infecting a healthy tobacco plant as well. He called this rasa (liquid) “contagium Vinum fluidum (infectious living liquid)”.

WM Stanley (1935) pointed out that viruses can be made fibrous and that the Rava mainly consists of protein. Viruses are dormant outside the specific host cell. The virus is a nonspecific parasite. Stanley was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1935 for successfully crystallizing the tobacco mosaic virus and obtaining them as a nucleoprotein.

Nature of viruses – There are many theories about the nature of viruses, mycoplasma theory, bacterial theory, oxidising enzyme theory, virus theory, etc. Viralism is more prevalent among them.

Virus theory – According to this –

i) Virus is a granular structure that cannot be seen by an ordinary microscope.
ii) Most viruses cannot be removed by a bacterial filter.
iii) Culture of viruses cannot be done in an artificial medium.
iv) Viruses produce characteristic features of their specific host.
v) They show a response to temperature and humidity.
vi) Viruses can be inactivated by chemical and heat treatment (chemo and thermo theory).
vii) Viruses show the characteristics of a living organism in host tissue.
viii) It is an obligate intracellular parasite.
ix) They lack functional autonomy.

Biological and inorganic (non-living) properties of viruses –

The properties of both living and non-living are found in viruses

1. Living properties of viruses – It has the following biological properties –
i) They contain the repetition of genetic material.
ii) Mutant forms of viruses are found.
iii) It shows the response to stimuli like heat, chemical substances, radiation etc.
iv) Viruses have antigenic properties.
v) They contain genetic material (RNA or DNA).
vi) Their multiplication takes place only in living cells.
vii) Viruses show host specificity.

2. The inanimate properties of viruses in viruses –

Viruses show many characteristics of non-living substances. Some of these symptoms are given below –

i) Viruses can be crystallized.
ii) They are inert outside their specific host cell.
iii) They are autocatalytic and lack functional autonomy.
iv) They lack cell membrane and wall.
v) They do not have respiration.

Differences between plant and animal viruses –

There are two main differences between plant and animal viruses –

1. All types of plant viruses lack cover, whereas in animal viruses it is present (eg influenza virus, mumps virus) or absent (eg polio spinal cord virus).
2. The genetic material in all plant viruses is RNA whereas in animal viruses it is RNA or DNA.

Structure of viruses –

Size – Viruses cannot be studied by an ordinary compound microscope, but by magnifying them a hundred times by electron microscope, there is a great diversity in their size and shape.

The size of the smallest viruses is about 10 µm (micrometres), while the largest viruses are up to 300 µm. In general, plant viruses are smaller than animal viruses.

Viruses are no longer considered the simplest and subtlest forms of life. In 1971 T.O. Diner invented the smallest infectious agents even than viruses and he called these microbes viroids

. The first viroids were discovered when the potato spindle tuber disease was being studied. Earlier it was believed that the cause of this disease is a virus. But studies have shown that –

1) Pathogens are RNA strands only and do not have nucleoprotein envelopes like normal viruses.
2) The molecular weight of this infectious RNA was found to be very less than the molecular weight of RNA present in the normal virus.

After this invention, viroids were found to be the cause of many plant diseases (like citrus exocortis, chrysanthemum stunt etc.).

Very few animal diseases are known to be caused by viroids (eg, sheep’s scree disease, Alzheimer’s disease of humans).

Structure of viroids –

Viroids are made up of a microscopic strand of RNA, they do not have a nucleoprotein envelope. On the study of potato tubers infected with potato spindle disease, its causative agent (Potato Spindle Tuber Viroids = PSTV) was found to contain only small strands of RNA composed of 250–350 nucleotides, including adenine: uracil (A: U) and guanine: The cytosine (G: C) ratio was about one.

Viroids and plant diseases –

Viroids infection is permanent, that is, it is not possible to free infected plants from viroids. The symptoms of viroids diseases are different from those of virus diseases, the symptoms of both types of diseases are similar.

The common symptoms of this disease are stunted growth, veinal discolouration, chlorosis, mottling, necrotic spots etc. Some specific proteins are found in relatively high amounts in viroids infected plants.
Transmission of viroids in plants

1) The transmission of viroids from one plant to another is by mechanical means.
2) Apart from this, there is also transmission through seeds and pollen grains of infected plants.

Prions – Many diseases of humans and animals are caused by proteinaceous infectious particles. Stanley Prusnier (1982) named these microscopic infectious particles as prions. In 1987, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on prions. Best Biology Teacher in Patna for NEET Bihar.

Structure of prions –

1) Prions are made up of proteins only. They lack nucleic acids.
2) The protein that makes up the prion is called PrP (prion protein). These proteins are made up of about 250 amino acids.
3) Their size is 100th (1/100) of the size of the micro virus.

Some important symptoms of prions –

1) Prions cannot be inactivated even at 90°C. Whereas the virus becomes inactive at this temperature.
2) Prion particles are not affected by the treatment of radiations. (While radiation affects the virus genome.)
3) Enzymes that decompose or digest DNA or RNA do not affect the activity of prions.
4) The activity of prions is affected by factors affecting the reactivity of proteins (like phenol, urea etc.).

Diseases caused by prions –

Prions cause progressive degeneration of the central nervous system. All the diseases caused by them are collectively called transmissible spongy from encephalopathies. Because of this disease, the brain becomes spongy. The disease caused by prions in animals is mad cow disease. In humans also some diseases arise due to prions which are as follows –

1. Kuru disease – The symptoms of this disease appear in the form of severe headache after 1-15 years of infection. After some time the coordination starts losing and there is difficulty in walking and swallowing food.
2. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) – In this, the human brain is degraded and motor functions start to stop. Eventually, the man starts dying.

Best Biology Teacher in Patna for NEET [Bihar]

Best Biology teacher in Boring Road, Patna for NEET [Bihar]

Lichens are a small group of unusual plants. These are plants formed by the association of algae and fungi. Their algal component is called phycobiont and the fungal component is called mycobiont. The association of these two components is very close.
The characteristics of lichens are different from both algae and fungi. Some of the main characteristics of lichens are as follows:

1. Composite thalloid structure formed by association of lichens, algae and fungi.
2. The algal components of lichens undergo photosynthesis to form carbohydrates, which they use as food for themselves and the fungus. Fungal components perform the function of water absorption and retention.
3. There are three types of the thallus of lichens from the morphological point of view.
i) crustose lichen ii) foliose lichen iii) fruticose lichen.
4. In these, asexual reproduction takes place by asexual spores such as oidium spores, picridium spores, etc.
5. Sexual reproduction in lichens takes place only by their fungal component. Female genitals called carpogonium are differentiated into a basal coiled ascogonium and long multicellular trichogyne.
6. Male genitals produce flask-like spermatogonium which is located on the upper surface of the thallus. Male gametes are called immovable spermatium.
7. The fruiting body forms plates like apothecium or perithecium in the form of the flask.
8. Each ascus has eight ascospores. Ascospores germinate to form myofilaments, which come in contact with a suitable alga to form new lichens.
9. Their growth is very slow. They can survive for long periods in high temperatures and dry conditions. Therefore, they can grow easily on the dry and infertile substratum.
10. A special acid called lichen acid is found in these.

The nature of the association of phycobiont and mycobiont in lichens –

The algal constituents of lichens are members of the class Chlorophyceae or Myxophyceae, while the fungal components are members of the Basidiomycetes or Ascomycetes class.

Fungi of the Basidiomycetes class are found in only four lineages of lichens and all the remaining genera have fungi of the class Ascomycetes. Similarly, algae of the Chlorophyceae group are found in about 75 per cent of lichens.

The interactions between the algal and fungal components of lichens are often thought to be symbiotic, with both algae and fungi equally benefiting.

It is believed that algae synthesize organic matter (carbohydrates) which is sufficient for itself and the fungal component.

In exchange for organic food, the fungal components provide water and minerals to the algae, in addition, they also protect the algae from high heat and desiccation.

Classification of lichens –

The plant body of lichens is thalloid. The shape of the thallus is irregular and the colour is beige or beige green. Some species are yellow, orange, brown or red. Best Biology Teacher in Patna for NEET Bihar.

Based on external morphology or the shape of the thallus, lichens have been differentiated into the following three classes, which are as follows:

1. Crustose lichen –

The thallus of this type of lichen is flat and hard. Its lower surface sticks closely to the crust like a crust. The thallus is completely or partially submerged in the substratum. In these, fruit bodies are found on the upper surface of the thallus. Example – Graphis, Hematoma, Lecanora, Lecidia, Rhizocarpon, Verucaria etc.

2. Foliose lichen –

Their thallus is flattened, spreading and like leaves are lobed and cut. Their entire lower surface is not glued to the base like lichen lichens. From their lower surface, filamentous outgrowths resembling mounds emerge, which are called rhizines. With their help, the thallus is attached to the underside.

Example – Parmelia, Physia, Peltigera, Zathoria, Gyrophora etc.

3. fruticose lichen

Their thallus is well developed, shrub-like, cylindrical and branched. Their flat, tape-like or cylindrical branches grow upwards or they hang down from the pillars of trees.

This type of lichen is attached to the base with the help of a basal mucilaginous disc.

Example – Alectoria, Cladonia, Asnio etc.

Top 10 Biology Teacher in Patna for NEET