Two Battles of Panipat 1526 and 1556 | Mughal Empire History

History tends to repeat itself.

And how supplies, logistics, and distance from economic centers often dictate the locations of battles.

Many decisive fights are played in the same places.

As for India, one such place is Panipat.

Two battles happened here, three decades after the other.

It changed the fate of the entire subcontinent over the next three centuries.

The expansion of the Islamic Caliphate changed the balance of power in Asia.

One of the results of this was the Islamization of the Turkic tribes in Central Asia. California slowly began to decentralize And the nomads began to migrate in all directions.

By the middle of the 10th century, northern India was subjected to constant Turkish plunder,

And in the year 1206, this progressive conquest of warrior Coded Din enabled your wonder.

To create a country in northern India called the Delhi Sultanate.

This new state was able to stop the attacks of the Mongols in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries.

And in the year 1312, it reached its zenith, when most of India was under its control.

However, the ineffective rulers, local rebellions, and the conquest of Timur weakened the sultanate.

By the end of the fourteenth century, only the northern part of India remained under their control.

The new Lodi dynasty, which has Afghan roots, gained power and the sultanate was stabilized In the second half of the fifteenth century.

But the state continued to slump.

In the north, Central Asia was in shambles Because many of Tamerlane’s successors fought for his empire.

One of them, Zahir al-Din Muhammad, was only eleven years old when Fargan inherited from his father, 1494.

This conqueror, later to be known as Babur, which in the Persian language means tiger.

He succeeded in taking the traditional center of the region, the city of Samarkand, until his 16th birthday.

Soon attacked Baburo’s enemies, losing control of each of these areas.

He had to find shelter elsewhere

With many difficulties, Babur was finally able to form a small army and occupied Kabul in 1504.

Two Battles of Panipat 1526 and 1556 | Mughal Empire History

Babur, however, was too ambitious to please him,

He turned his view of India.

By 1519, it had reached the Chenab River in present-day Pakistan.

The Lodi dynasty had problems with internal family conflicts.

So many members of the dynasty rebelled against the Sultan, Ibrahim Lodhi.

They addressed Baburu, who used this to begin his conquest.

Punjab changed rulers several times, while Babur did not consolidate his rule in this region.

The year 1525.

Ibrahim Lodi left Delhi early next year and headed north While Babur heads to Panipat on the 12th of April.

The two armies stood against one of the other eight days And the battle that decided the fate of these countries Played on April 20, 1526.

Babur’s army consisted of Turks, Mongols, Persians, and Afghans.

The core of the Army was a veteran who had waged war with Babur for more than 10 years.

Therefore, the soldiers and commanders were confident and knew each other well.

Archers on horses, with their deadly Turkish-Mongolian bows.

They were the main component of the army.

While his weapon consisted of archers, also with compound bows And knights.

Babur had 20 rifles.

He obtained firearms from either the Ottomans or the Safavids, according to various sources.

Babur’s army and strategies were a mixture of military traditions:

Ottoman and Mongolian-Timurid.

On the other hand, the Delhi Sultanate army was dependent on war elephants and knights.

This army was a feudal lord who had no firearms.

It is estimated that the army is Ibrahim Lodhi Panipata had about 50,000 soldiers And 400 war elephants.

There were probably 25,000 Afghan cavalry horsemen from the army And the rest were feudal conscripts or cheap knights.

The infantry was mainly cannon fodder.

Don’t wait for your opponent to get ready to take the shot When at that time you can shoot the arrow against him. ”- Baber

Babur divided his space corps into Line 2 into 3 groups: The right flank was next to the city of Panipat And the left side was protected by trenches and stakes.

He was in the center, with his guard.

Two Battles of Panipat 1526 and 1556 | Mughal Empire History

The first line consisted of infantry Which was installed on carriages connected by a chain

Make each chariot turned into a small castle Archers and knights took the necessary height.

Space is left between the cart so that the rifles can fire.

The front of Abraham’s army was made up of elephants With cavalry in the second line, and infantry in 3.

Sam Sultan, with a guard of 5,000 soldiers, was in the back.

He was confident of winning outnumbered So he ordered almost the entire army to attack directly.

The elephants were afraid of the unknown noise of Venice Why did they stop, which slowed the attack.

Ibrahim’s cavalry on the left flank tried to attack the enemy’s right flank But they got reinforcements from the center, so this attack was rejected.

How elephants died and retreated in panic.

Discipline collapsed, so Babur sent his cavalry to attack both sides at the same time.

This forced the wings of the enemy army to turn towards horses So the Sultan’s army is now outlawed and subject to bullets from chariots and cannons.

Babur himself joined the attack, visiting the chariots on the right.

So lets soldiers are now semi-inhabitants, so Ibrahim Lodi entered the battle to boost morale.

But it was too late now to change the outcome of the battle And when the sultan killed himself, the battle was lost.

The sultanate lost more than 20,000 soldiers and ceased to exist.

The Mughal Empire, Babur, which replaced it, had a small number of casualties.

Delhi was now under Babur’s control And in 1527, he achieved another remarkable victory over the Rajputs Confederacy, at Kanna.

This success once again confirmed the dominance of Mughal weapons and strategies.

Most of northern India is now under Babur’s control.

But his death, in 1531, halted the merging process.

His successor, Humayun, slowly began to lose ground Under the pressure of the newly founded Surat Empire under the leadership of Sher Shah Suri

He even had to flee to the Safavid Palace in 1541.

Homojun spent more than 10 years in exile.

He managed to return to India only in 1554.

The following year he defeated the new ruler of Sardinia, Sikander, And regained control of parts of northern India.

Unfortunately, Homall died, in an accident that occurred in 1556.

Two Battles of Panipat 1526 and 1556 | Mughal Empire History

This allowed the surgeon to counterattack.

Vimiri Hume was fast, and in early October 1556, Delhi took power.

Surprisingly, he declared independence from Surat Al-Empire and was crowned king.

The new Mughal leader, Akbar, was only 13 years old But his guardian, Bagram was, was a mighty leader.

He went with the Mughal army to the Delhi crew.

In early November, the Mughal army arrived near Panipat, where they encountered the Hema army.

The Mongols again had fewer forces, about 10 thousand, compared to 30 thousand opponents.

Bajram-kan chose a battlefield with a deep pitcher, which divided the two armies To make up for this deficiency.

It appears that the Mughal army only had cavalry and elephants.

It was divided into 5 groups of horse archers, of which the elephants were in front of them While Hue had cavalry in the first line, and infantry in the second, with the elephants in the front.

Sam himself was on an elephant.

The battle began with an attack on knights and elephants, which made the wings of the Hemo army.

This attack was successful, so it forced the wings of the Mughal army to withdraw slowly under pressure.

Bajram-kan sent cavalry from the second line behind the elephants to attack them from the rear.

Two Battles of Panipat 1526 and 1556 | Mughal Empire History

The Mongol archers on horseback were better than their opponents, so they were the most impressive of them So Hemu was forced to attack these units, which then withdrew.

Jaruga made the attack difficult So when Himo decided to attack, he had to go.

Only a portion of his army succeeded in attacking the opposing center.

However, sources say the Mughal army was on the brink of defeat.

The battle was determined by the arrow, which found a crevice in Hume’s helmet.

The army was horrified when she saw that the commander was dead and broke the formation.

Once again the Mughal forces lost few soldiers and killed more than 5,000 enemies.

Akbar continued to conquer territories.

Until his death, more than half of India was under Mughal control.

The Mughal Empire existed until 1857.